Definition :
"Puppetoon animation is a type of replacement animation, which is itself a type of stop-motion animation. In traditional stop-motion, the puppets are made with movable parts which are repositioned between frames to create the illusion of motion when the frames are played in rapid sequence. In puppetoon animation the puppets are rigid and static pieces; each is typically used in a single frame and then switched with a separate, near-duplicate puppet for the next frame.
Thus puppetoon animation requires many separate figures. It is thus more analogous in a certain sense to cel animation than is traditional stop-motion: the characters are created from scratch for each frame (though in cel animation the creation process is simpler since the characters are drawn and painted, not sculpted).
The style and the term "Puppetoons" were invented by George Pal." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppetoon
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| Puppetoon - Film2006Pal_Philips_Broadcast.JPG |
Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzHbb5s-Wa0
Clay animation or Plasticine clay
Definition :
"Clay animation or claymation is one of many forms of stop motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or background, is "deformable"—made of a malleable substance, usually Plasticine clay.
All traditional animation is produced in a similar fashion, whether done through cel animation or stop motion. Each frame, or still picture, is recorded on film or digital media and then played back in rapid succession. When played back at a frame rate greater than 10–12 frames per second, a fairly convincing illusion of continuous motion is achieved.
While the playback feature creating an illusion is true of all moving images (from zoetrope to films to videogames), the techniques involved in creating CGI are generally removed from a frame-by-frame process." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_animation
Technique :
"In clay animation, each object is sculpted in clay or a similarly pliable material such as Plasticine, usually around a wire skeleton called an armature. As in other forms of object animation, the object is arranged on the set (background), a film frame is exposed, and the object or character is then moved slightly by hand. Another frame is taken, and the object is moved slightly again.
This cycle is repeated until the animator has achieved the desired amount of film. The human mind processes the series of slightly changing, rapidly playing images as motion, hence making it appear that the object is moving by itself. To achieve the best results, a consistent shooting environment is needed to maintain the illusion of continuity.
This means paying special attention to maintaining consistent lighting and object placement and working in a calm environment." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_animation
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| Wallas and Gromit - Clay-Animation.jpg |
Sand animation
Definition : "Sand animation, also known as sand art, is a term which has two meanings. It is the name given to a style of live performance art, and also to a type of animation. In the former, an artist creates a series of images using sand, a process which is achieved by applying sand to a surface and then rendering images by drawing lines and figures in the sand with one's hands. A sand animation performer will often use the aid of an overhead projector or lightbox (similar to one used by photographers to view translucent films). In the latter, animators move around sand on a backlighted or frontlighted piece of glass to create each frame for their animated films." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_animation
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Kseniya Simonova - simonova.jpg |
Cutout animation
Definition :"Cutout animation is a technique for producing animations using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs. The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani); as is the world's earliest surviving animated feature." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation
Technique :
"Today, cutout-style animation is frequently produced using computers, with scanned images or vector graphics taking the place of physically cut materials. South Park is a notable example of this transition since its first episode was made with paper cutouts before switching to computer animation.
Other notable examples include Angela Anaconda, and—more recently—Charlie and Lola. One of the most famous animators still using traditional cutout animation today is Yuriy Norshteyn." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation
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| South Park - south-park-cutout-animation.jpg |
Model animation or Go motion
Definition :
"Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation, and was co-developed by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_motion
Technique :
"Stop motion animation can create a disorienting, and distinctive, staccato effect, because the animated object is perfectly sharp in every frame, since each frame of the animation was actually shot when the object was perfectly still. Real moving objects in similar scenes of the same movie will have motion blur, because they moved while the shutter of the camera was open.
Go motion was designed to prevent this, by moving the animated model slightly during the exposure of each film frame, producing a realistic motion blur.
The main difference is that while the frames in stop motion are made up by images of stills taken between the small movements of the object, the frames in go motion are images of the object taken while it is moving.
This frame-by-frame, split-second motion is almost always created with the help of a computer, often through rods connected to a puppet or model which the computer manipulates to reproduce movements programmed in by puppeteers." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_motion
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Mad Animation God Phil Tippett - EP6_BTS_68.jpg |
"Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys, blocks, dolls, etc. which are not fully malleable, such as clay or wax, and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character.
Object animation is considered a different form of animation distinct from model animation and puppet animation, as these two forms of stop-motion animation usually use recognizable characters as their subjects, rather than just objects like static toy soldiers, or construction toys such as Tinker Toys, LEGO brand bricks (Brickfilm), Lincoln Logs, Erector Sets, Playmobil, etc." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_animation
Technique :
"Object animation is often combined with other forms of animation, usually for a more realistic effect (e.g., Model Animation or Puppet Animation to add more complex movement or depth to the characters). For example; A toy car can be animated, but is more often animated with a character easily seen driving the car.
The use of animated objects in film has been present since the early days of cinema.
An example of modern object animation can be seen on Robot Chicken, part of the regular Adult Swim block on Cartoon Network, which combines object animation with a variation of puppet animation, in this case the puppets are made to resemble plastic action figures from various TV shows, movies, and pop culture." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_animation
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| StyaB (wordpress) - 2984184872_ee05d9b025.jpg |
Graphic animation
Definition :
"Graphic animation is a variation of stop motion (and possibly more conceptually associated with traditional flat cel animation and paper drawing animation, but still technically qualifying as stop motion) consisting of the animation of photographs (in whole or in parts) and other non-drawn flat visual graphic material, such as newspaper and magazine clippings." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_animation
Technique :
"In its simpliest form, Graphic "animation" can take the form of the animation camera merely panning up and down and/or across individual photographs, one at a time, (filmed frame-by-frame, and hence, "animated") without changing the photographs from frame to frame, as on Ken Burns various historical documentary films for PBS. But once the photos (or "graphics") are also moved from frame to frame, more exciting montages of movement can be produced, such as on Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov's 1977 short film, Animato, also seen his feature film, The Wizard of Speed and Time, released to theaters in 1987 and to video in 1989. Graphic animation can be (and often is) combined with other forms of animation including direct manipulation animation and traditional cel animation.
Examples are Frank Mouris' 1973 Oscar-winning short film Frank Film, and Charles Braverman's Condensed Cream of the Beatles (1973), originally produced for Geraldo Rivera's late night TV show of the time, Goodbye America. Graphic animation was also used as a History of Playboy Magazine piece used on Saturday Night Live when the magazine's founder, Hugh Hefner, appeared on that show during the late 70s or early 80s." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_animation
"Graphic animation is a variation of stop motion (and possibly more conceptually associated with traditional flat cel animation and paper drawing animation, but still technically qualifying as stop motion) consisting of the animation of photographs (in whole or in parts) and other non-drawn flat visual graphic material, such as newspaper and magazine clippings." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_animation
Technique :
"In its simpliest form, Graphic "animation" can take the form of the animation camera merely panning up and down and/or across individual photographs, one at a time, (filmed frame-by-frame, and hence, "animated") without changing the photographs from frame to frame, as on Ken Burns various historical documentary films for PBS. But once the photos (or "graphics") are also moved from frame to frame, more exciting montages of movement can be produced, such as on Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov's 1977 short film, Animato, also seen his feature film, The Wizard of Speed and Time, released to theaters in 1987 and to video in 1989. Graphic animation can be (and often is) combined with other forms of animation including direct manipulation animation and traditional cel animation.
Examples are Frank Mouris' 1973 Oscar-winning short film Frank Film, and Charles Braverman's Condensed Cream of the Beatles (1973), originally produced for Geraldo Rivera's late night TV show of the time, Goodbye America. Graphic animation was also used as a History of Playboy Magazine piece used on Saturday Night Live when the magazine's founder, Hugh Hefner, appeared on that show during the late 70s or early 80s." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_animation
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| La belle et la Bête - 398887yqfy2s7o1c.gif |
Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbnCDq5ySxg
Brickfilm
Definition :
"A brick film (block film) is a Lego movie where one uses the known stop motion technique." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickfilm
Technique :
"The first brick film was The Magic Portal from 1985 , which was made in Australia . This movie was 16 minutes long and there were not only used Lego but also used plasticine .
Today you can on YouTube find many different brick films that people often make in their own rooms." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickfilm
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| Décor pour BrickFilm - p1080010.jpg |
Pixilation
Definition :
"Pixilation (from pixilated) is a stop motion technique where live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames. The actor becomes a kind of living stop motion puppet. This technique is often used as a way to blend live actors with animated ones in a movie, such as in The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb by the Bolex Brothers, which used the technique to compelling and eerie effect.Early examples of this technique are El hotel eléctrico from 1908 and Émile Cohl's 1911 movie Jobard ne peut pas voir les femmes travailler (Jobard cannot see the women working).
The term is widely credited to Grant Munro. He made an experimental movie named "Pixillation", available in his DVD collection "Cut Up - The Films Of Grant Munro"." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixilation
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Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxvpt9-cvlE
Under the camera / Paint-on-glass animation
Definition: "Paint-on-glass animation is a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow-drying oil paints on sheets of glass. Gouache mixed with glycerine is sometimes used instead. The most well-known practitioner of the technique is Russian animator Aleksandr Petrov; he has used it in seven films, all of which have won numerous awards." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint-on-glass_animation
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Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw00u6afIew
Pinscreen animation
Definition :"Pinscreen animation makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen. The screen is lit from the side so that the pins cast shadows. The technique has been used to create animated films with a range of textural effects difficult to achieve with traditional cel animation." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinscreen_animation
Technique :
"According to Claire Parker, the images created by the pinscreen made it possible to make an animated movie which escaped from the flat, "comic" aspect of cel animation and plunged instead into the dramatic and the poetic by the exploitation of chiaroscuro, or shading effects. To obtain the desired gray tones that are cast from the shadows of the pins, several methods are used.The original pinscreen used by Alexeïeff had 240,000 pins which were usually pressed with a small tool, one pin at a time or with other specialized instruments. Frames are created one at a time, each frame modifying the one previous to itself. After each frame has been photographed, the images are strung together to create an image without pauses. The pin and frame assembly was built very solidly and mounted in a secure fashion to offer a stable image to the animation camera day after day, week after week as each image of the movie was painstakingly composed.
This form of animation is extremely time consuming and difficult to execute, rendering it the least popular method of animation. An additional reason for its unpopularity is its expensive nature. Individually, the pins are relatively cheap; however, it is not uncommon that a million or more may be used to complete a single screen, quickly increasing the cost for manufacture." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinscreen_animation
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Pinscreen animation - mindscape-21.jpg |
Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R67ADe-u-L0
Time-lapse animation
Definition :
"Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing. For example, an image of a scene may be captured once every second, then played back at 30 frames per second. The result is an apparent 30-times speed increase. Time-lapse photography can be considered the opposite of high speed photography or slow motion.
Processes that would normally appear subtle to the human eye, e.g. the motion of the sun and stars in the sky, become very pronounced. Time-lapse is the extreme version of the cinematography technique of undercranking, and can be confused with stop motion animation." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_photography
Technique :
"Some of the most stunning time-lapse images are created by moving the camera during the shot. A time-lapse camera can be mounted to a moving car for example to create a notion of extreme speed.
However, to achieve the effect of a simple tracking shot, it is necessary to use motion control to move the camera. A motion control rig can be set to dolly or pan the camera at a glacially slow pace. When the image is projected it could appear that the camera is moving at a normal speed while the world around it is in time lapse. This juxtaposition can greatly heighten the time-lapse illusion." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_photography
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| Time-lapse animation of a geranium flower opening. - GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2small.gif |
Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjnKAWxCK3k
Abstract animation
Definition :
"Abstract film is a subgenre of experimental film. Its history often overlaps with the concerns and history of visual music. Some of the earliest abstract motion pictures known to survive are those produced by a group of German artists working in the early 1920s, a movement referred to as Absolute Film: Walter Ruttmann, Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger. These artists present different approaches to abstraction-in-motion: as an analogue to music, or as the creation of an absolute language of form, a desire common to early abstract art. Ruttmann wrote of his film work as 'painting in time.'" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_film
Technique :
"Abstract films are non-narrative visual/sound experiences with no story and no acting. They rely on the unique qualities of motion, rhythm, light and composition inherent in the technical medium of cinema to create emotional experiences." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_film
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| Buggs Bunny - bwill.jpg |
Source : Wikipedia
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